Ayat e dain

 یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اِذَا تَدَایَنۡتُمۡ بِدَیۡنٍ اِلٰۤی اَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّی فَاکۡتُبُوۡہُ ؕ وَ لۡیَکۡتُبۡ بَّیۡنَکُمۡ کَاتِبٌۢ بِالۡعَدۡلِ ۪ وَ لَا یَاۡبَ کَاتِبٌ اَنۡ یَّکۡتُبَ کَمَا عَلَّمَہُ اللّٰہُ فَلۡیَکۡتُبۡ ۚ وَ لۡیُمۡلِلِ الَّذِیۡ عَلَیۡہِ الۡحَقُّ وَ لۡیَتَّقِ اللّٰہَ رَبَّہٗ وَ لَا یَبۡخَسۡ مِنۡہُ شَیۡئًا ؕ فَاِنۡ کَانَ الَّذِیۡ عَلَیۡہِ الۡحَقُّ سَفِیۡہًا اَوۡ ضَعِیۡفًا اَوۡ لَا یَسۡتَطِیۡعُ اَنۡ یُّمِلَّ ہُوَ  فَلۡیُمۡلِلۡ وَلِیُّہٗ بِالۡعَدۡلِ ؕ وَ اسۡتَشۡہِدُوۡا شَہِیۡدَیۡنِ مِنۡ رِّجَالِکُمۡ ۚ فَاِنۡ لَّمۡ یَکُوۡنَا رَجُلَیۡنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَّ امۡرَاَتٰنِ مِمَّنۡ تَرۡضَوۡنَ مِنَ الشُّہَدَآءِ اَنۡ تَضِلَّ اِحۡدٰىہُمَا فَتُذَکِّرَ اِحۡدٰىہُمَا الۡاُخۡرٰی ؕ وَ لَا یَاۡبَ الشُّہَدَآءُ اِذَا مَا دُعُوۡا ؕ وَ لَا تَسۡئَمُوۡۤا اَنۡ تَکۡتُبُوۡہُ صَغِیۡرًا اَوۡ کَبِیۡرًا اِلٰۤی اَجَلِہٖ ؕ ذٰلِکُمۡ اَقۡسَطُ عِنۡدَ اللّٰہِ وَ اَقۡوَمُ لِلشَّہَادَۃِ وَ اَدۡنٰۤی اَلَّا تَرۡتَابُوۡۤا اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ تَکُوۡنَ تِجَارَۃً حَاضِرَۃً  تُدِیۡرُوۡنَہَا بَیۡنَکُمۡ فَلَیۡسَ عَلَیۡکُمۡ جُنَاحٌ اَلَّا تَکۡتُبُوۡہَا ؕ وَ اَشۡہِدُوۡۤا اِذَا تَبَایَعۡتُمۡ ۪ وَ لَا یُضَآرَّ کَاتِبٌ وَّ لَا شَہِیۡدٌ  ۬ ؕ وَ  اِنۡ تَفۡعَلُوۡا فَاِنَّہٗ فُسُوۡقٌۢ بِکُمۡ ؕ وَ اتَّقُوا اللّٰہَ ؕ وَ یُعَلِّمُکُمُ اللّٰہُ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ بِکُلِّ شَیۡءٍ  عَلِیۡمٌ 

Urdu translation

اے ایمان والو !جب تم آپس میں ایک دوسرے سے میعاد مقررہ پر  قرض  کا معاملہ کرو ۔ تو اسے لکھ لیا کرو اور  لکھنے  والے کو چاہئیے کہ تمہارا آپس کا معاملہ عدل سے لکھے ، کاتب کو چاہیئے کہ  لکھنے  سے  انکار  نہ کرے جیسے اللہ تعالٰی نے اسے سکھایا ہے پس اسے بھی لکھ  دینا  چاہیے اور جس کے ذمّہ حق ہو وہ لکھوائے اور اپنے اللہ تعالٰی سے ڈرے جو اس کا رب ہے اور حق میں سے کچھ گھٹائے نہیں ہاں جس شخص کے ذمہ حق ہے وہ اگر  نادان  ہو یا  کمزور  ہو یا لکھوانے کی  طاقت  نہ رکھتا ہو تو اس کا ولی عدل کے ساتھ لکھوادے اور اپنے میں سے دو  مرد  گواہ رکھ لو ۔ اگر دو  مرد  نہ ہوں تو ایک  مرد  اور دو عورتیں جنہیں تم گواہوں میں سے  پسند  کر لو تاکہ ایک کی بھول چوک کو دوسری  یاد  دلا دے اور گواہوں کو چاہیے کہ وہ جب بلائے جائیں تو  انکار  نہ کریں اور  قرض  کو جس کی  مدت   مقرر  ہے خواہ چھوٹا ہو یا بڑا ہو  لکھنے  میں کاہلی نہ کرو ، اللہ تعالٰی کے  نزدیک  یہ  بات  بہت  انصاف  والی ہے اور گواہی کو بھی  درست  رکھنے والی ہے  شک  وشبہ سے بھی  زیادہ  بچانے والی ہے ہاں یہ اور  بات  ہے کہ معاملہ نقد تجارت کی شکل میں ہو جو آپس میں تم لین  دین  کر رہے ہو تم پر اس کے نہ  لکھنے  میں کوئی  گناہ  نہیں ۔  خرید و فروخت  کے  وقت  بھی گواہ  مقرر  کر لیا کرو اور (  یاد  رکھو کہ ) نہ تو  لکھنے  والے کو  نقصان  پہنچایا جائے نہ گواہ کو اور اگر تم یہ کرو تو یہ تمہاری کھلی  نافرمانی  ہے ، اللہ سے ڈرو اللہ تمہیں تعلیم دے رہا ہے اور اللہ تعالٰی ہرچیز کو خوب جاننے والا ہے ۔ 

English translation

O you who have believed, when you contract a debt for a specified term, write it down. And let a scribe write [it] between you in justice. Let no scribe refuse to write as Allah has taught him. So let him write and let the one who has the obligation dictate. And let him fear Allah, his Lord, and not leave anything out of it. But if the one who has the obligation is of limited understanding or weak or unable to dictate himself, then let his guardian dictate in justice. And bring to witness two witnesses from among your men. And if there are not two men [available], then a man and two women from those whom you accept as witnesses - so that if one of the women errs, then the other can remind her. And let not the witnesses refuse when they are called upon. And do not be [too] weary to write it, whether it is small or large, for its [specified] term. That is more just in the sight of Allah and stronger as evidence and more likely to prevent doubt between you, except when it is an immediate transaction that you conduct among yourselves. For [then] there is no blame upon you if you do not write it. And take witnesses when you conclude a contract. Let no scribe or any witness be harmed. For if you do so, indeed, it is [grave] disobedience in you. And fear Allah. And Allah teaches you. And Allah is Knowing of all things. 

Al-Baqarah | Verse 282

Tafseer

 When the strict prohibition of the usury system and the emphasis on charity were explained, there is a great need for (loans) in such a society because interest is forbidden as it is, and not everyone can afford charity.  He does not even like to take alms, then he is left with debt to meet his needs.  That is why the great reward of lending has been described in the hadiths, however, debt is an inevitable necessity and a cause of disputes, therefore, this verse which is called Ayat al-Din and which is the longest verse of the Qur'an, Allah Almighty About the loan, necessary instructions have been given so that this inevitable necessity does not lead to quarrels. For this reason, one order is given to fix the period, the second is to write it down, and the third is that two Muslim men or one man should write it down.  And take two women as witnesses. 

 What is meant by this is that he should fear Allah and write down the correct number of money and not reduce it.  The right (lender) should not be harmed. 

   That is, those who are satisfied with their integrity and justice.  Moreover, from this verse of the Qur'an, it is known that the testimony of two women is equal to that of one man, and the testimony of a single woman without a man is also not permissible, except for those matters on which no one other than the woman can be informed.  That it is permissible to decide on the testimony of two women with one oath of the plaintiff or not?  Just as it is permissible to decide with one male witness while the plaintiff swears in place of another witness.  According to the Hanafi jurists, it is not permissible to do this, while the Muhadditheens are convinced of it, because it is proven from the hadith to make a decision with one witness and an oath, and when two women are equal to one male witness, then it is also permissible to make a decision with two women and an oath.  (Fathul-Qadir) 

    This is the reason for and wisdom in appointing two women instead of one man.  That is, a woman is weaker than a man in intellect and memory (as in the hadith of Sahih Muslim, a woman is said to have a weak intellect).  As some people believe, it is a statement of natural weakness that is based on the wisdom and providence of Allah.  If no one acknowledges it, it is another matter.  But according to the facts and events, it is undeniable.

   5 The advantages of writing are that it will meet the requirements of justice, the testimony will also remain valid (that is, if the witness dies) or disappears, then the writing will be useful, and the parties will be protected from doubt.  In case of doubt, the doubt can be removed by looking at the text.

 This is the purchase and sale in which there is a risk of deviation even after the transaction is settled, otherwise the cash transaction has been excluded from writing.  Harm is to summon them to a remote area which may cause inconvenience to their engagements or loss of business or compel them to write or testify falsely.

   That is, follow the things that have been emphasized and avoid the things that have been forbidden۔